What is the difference between cyanobacteria and archaebacteria

Hence, they are called ancient bacteria. Archaebacteria are found in hot springs, salt lakes, oceans, marshlands and soils. They are also found in human skin, oral cavity and colon as well. Archaebacteria play a vital role in carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle.

Their pathogenic or parasitic effect is still not observed. Archaebacteria are metabolically diverse, using a variety of substrates as their energy and carbon sources. Asexual reproduction of archaebacteria is identified, occurring by binary fission, budding and fragmentation.

Individual archaebacterium is 0. Different shapes are processed by archaebacteria like spheres, rods, plates and spirals. Some cells are flat or square-shaped. The cell wall of archaebacteria is made up of pseudo peptidoglycans. The membrane lipids of archaebacteria are ether-linked, branched aliphatic chains, containing D-glycerol phosphates. According to the structure of cell wall, archaebacteria are more similar to gram positive bacteria. Archaebacterial genome consists of a single circular chromosome , which exhibits transcription and translation similar to eukaryotes.

Three types of archaebacteria are found: methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles. Methanogens are found in oxygen-free environments like marshes, lake sediments and digestive tracts of animals, producing methane gas. Halophiles live in water with high concentrations of salts. Thermophiles live in hot water environments in acid sulfur springs. Archaebacteria is shown in figure 1.

Eubacteria are a more complex domain of kingdom monera. The cyanobacteria is a consumer. A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an algae or cyanobacteria. Log in. The Difference Between. Study now. See Answer. Best Answer. Study guides. The Difference Between 20 cards. A survey question that asks you to write a brief explanation is called. Auto correlation and cross correlation. If a married man cheats does that mean there are problems in his marriage.

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Major bacterial phyla include the Proteobacteria, the Chlamydias, the Spirochaetes, the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, and the Gram-positive bacteria. The Proteobacteria are in turn subdivided into several classes, from the Alpha- to the Epsilon proteobacteria. Eukaryotic mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of alphaproteobacteria, while eukaryotic chloroplasts are derived from cyanobacteria. Archaeal phyla are described in Figure.

Other bacterial phyla. Chlamydia, Spirochetes, Cyanobacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria are described in this table. Note that bacterial shape is not phylum-dependent; bacteria within a phylum may be cocci, rod-shaped, or spiral. Archaea are separated into four phyla: the Korarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota.

Its selectively permeable nature keeps ions, proteins, and other molecules within the cell and prevents them from diffusing into the extracellular environment, while other molecules may move through the membrane. Recall that the general structure of a cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer composed of two layers of lipid molecules. In archaeal cell membranes, isoprene phytanyl chains linked to glycerol replace the fatty acids linked to glycerol in bacterial membranes.

Some archaeal membranes are lipid monolayers instead of bilayers Figure. The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells has a high concentration of dissolved solutes. Therefore, the osmotic pressure within the cell is relatively high. The cell wall is a protective layer that surrounds some cells and gives them shape and rigidity. It is located outside the cell membrane and prevents osmotic lysis bursting due to increasing volume. The chemical composition of the cell wall varies between Archaea and Bacteria, and also varies between bacterial species.

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan , composed of polysaccharide chains that are cross-linked by unusual peptides containing both L- and D-amino acids including D-glutamic acid and D-alanine.

Proteins normally have only L-amino acids; as a consequence, many of our antibiotics work by mimicking D-amino acids and therefore have specific effects on bacterial cell-wall development. There are more than different forms of peptidoglycan. S-layer surface layer proteins are also present on the outside of cell walls of both Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria are divided into two major groups: Gram positive and Gram negative , based on their reaction to Gram staining.

Note that all Gram-positive bacteria belong to one phylum; bacteria in the other phyla Proteobacteria, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, Cyanobacteria, and others are Gram-negative. The Gram staining method is named after its inventor, Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram — The different bacterial responses to the staining procedure are ultimately due to cell wall structure. Gram-positive organisms typically lack the outer membrane found in Gram-negative organisms Figure.

Up to 90 percent of the cell-wall in Gram-positive bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan, and most of the rest is composed of acidic substances called teichoic acids. Teichoic acids may be covalently linked to lipids in the plasma membrane to form lipoteichoic acids. Lipoteichoic acids anchor the cell wall to the cell membrane. Gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall composed of a few layers of peptidoglycan only 10 percent of the total cell wall , surrounded by an outer envelope containing lipopolysaccharides LPS and lipoproteins.

This outer envelope is sometimes referred to as a second lipid bilayer. The chemistry of this outer envelope is very different, however, from that of the typical lipid bilayer that forms plasma membranes. Which of the following statements is true? There are four different types of archaean cell walls. One type is composed of pseudopeptidoglycan , which is similar to peptidoglycan in morphology but contains different sugars in the polysaccharide chain. The other three types of cell walls are composed of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, or pure protein.

Other differences between Bacteria and Archaea are seen in Figure. Note that features related to DNA replication, transcription and translation in Archaea are similar to those seen in eukaryotes. Reproduction in prokaryotes is asexual and usually takes place by binary fission.

Recall that the DNA of a prokaryote is a single, circular chromosome. Also, they set up a mechanism by which any traces of oxygen left in the cell are used up and depleted. Some cyanobacteria are used in the production of health supplements due to their high protein content. Eubacteria are the commonest form of bacteria. Eubacteria kingdom is divided into five phyllums called as spirochetes, chlamydias, gram positive bacteria, cyanobacteria and proteobacteria.

Technically speaking, eubacteria are bacteria which lack nucleus. Eubacteria lack mitochondrions and chloroplasts and possess a rigid cell wall made of proteoglycans. These eubacteria divide by binary fission which is simply put, division of the chromosomes into two halves.

It is an asexual method of reproduction. All eubacteria are either spiral shaped, rod shaped or spherical in nature. They form spores which are resistant to dehydration and extreme temperatures and hence, make the eubacteria resistant and tough. The cell membrane is composed of bilayer phospholipids which do not contain cholesterol and steroids. They obtain their nutrition by photoautotroph, chemoautotroph, photoheterotroph or chemoheterotroph mechanisms depending upon the energy source.

The source of energy may either be light, organic or inorganic chemicals.